Rare Opportunity (and the only option we have to continue our work)

Reverend Gary Davis is right, we do have to move. It’s been 18 months since HWCC decided that we had to move our facility. Our current lease ends at the end of this year. It took us until this Summer to locate a property that we can afford and make work. By afford, I mean, that its sale price to us is a very good deal and significantly less than any other property we’ve considered. I do not mean that we have the money. We don’t.

But this property is a rare opportunity and I do believe that we will be able to secure some kind of financing – both the property and Humboldt Wildlife Care Center are good bets.

But the costs of moving is going to come from people we ask to help. There is no other way. The amount we need to raise by the end of this year in order to complete this transition – in essence a transformation – is more than any goal we’ve ever set, by far. I don’t see another path forward.

We simply need to raise this money – it’s hard for me announce this goal, so apprehensive I am, but what else is there to be done? A downpayment, the cost of getting enough infrastructure up and running at our new facility – including all the administrative tasks – so that our work continues without interruption, while we dismantle and clear the facility we currently occupy – money and volunteer labor will be the only thngs that get us through.

So here we go! If you are reading this, you may be a person we need. We may need your physical help, we made need your financial backing, we may need your expertise. We definitely need you to root hard for us.

In every wildlife project I’ve worked on before Bird Ally X merged with HWCC, there were people who worked all day on the logistics, the paperwork, the fundraising and the budgeting. I was a wildlife rehabilitator – I specialized in oil spill response, seabird wrecks, orphan-rearing, care, innovating patient housing, and training volunteers – other highly skilled people did the work to make sure I had the tools and resources needed to do all of those things. Their contribution to those efforts is so terrific – I’ve known that forever, but when I came to HWCC, it wasn’t long before I needed to learn to do that job too.

So, yes, in fact it is frightening to embark on a project this big, this critical, this necessary and with such high stakes that failure is, as they say, not an option. Especially when it’s just some punk from New Jersey who wound up on the west coast leading the way. So I thought some background was in order.

I want to tell you the origins of Bird Ally X, how our mission led us to HWCC, and tell you what I see on the other side of this transformation – I want to tell you what we are building together and show you some of the foundation of that vision.

However, if you already know you support our work and don’t need to read about BAX history from my perspective, maybe you would like to me cut to the chase, tell you that our goal is $150,000 (which is roughly the amount of one year in our budget!) and donate now.

For the rest of you who would like to know more about BAX’ beginnings and how we got here, and where we’re headed, well read on….

Bird Ally X – who we are and how we got this way

Since this website’s first incarnation at blogspot.com in 2009, the voice speaking to you from this platform has mostly been mine. Making the website was a gamble. Only Laura Corsiglia, my beloved and co-inventer of the idea of Bird Ally X knew about it – BAX was an idea whose time was about to come but hadn’t quite.

But it did come. On September 22, 2009, Bird Ally X was founded as a collective by six of us. Shannon RIggs, DVM (currently the Director of Anaimal Care at Pacific Wildlife Care in Morro Bay), Vann Masvidal (currently the Center Director also at PWC in Morro Bay) January Bill and Marie Travers (both currently leading our Botulism Response Program in the Lower Klamath Wildlife Refuge), and Laura (currently BAX art director as well as a logistical support for HWCC, and chief photographer and also my beloved) and me. Our first task: to develop a workshop that we could take to conferences that gave people a place to start learning how to effectively rehabilitate aquatic birds.

Athough we each had a lot of experience rehabilitating wildlife in general, oil spill response had given us each a strong specailization in aquatic bird rehabilitation, with deeper specialization among us – for example, Shannon is a gifted surgeon, Laura has a genius eye, Vann is extremely sensitive, Marie has perserverance and mad skills, January is methodical and precise and deeply committed to excellence. I don’t mean these people have common traits that you might identify among your friends, not unless your friends happen to be super heroes, which is what my five co-founders all have in common. Let’s face it, I met them in the middle of an oil spill response where we were all far from home, working 16 hour days amid hundreds of suffering wild birds, doing what we could to keep them alive and help them recover. I was amazed by them. Truly super heroes. And when we founded Bird Ally X, we thought it would be great to help other super heroes learn how to effectively rehabilitate aquatic bIrds too.

Making this workshop led to an expanded mission: to publish instructional materials for wildlife rehabilitators everywhere. Many rehabilitators work at a very small scale, usually in their own homes or in their own backyards. who are remote yet still deserve to learn the most current techniques of our field, also to help small facilities at times when they face an influx of patients that overwhelm them or are unfamiliar – most rehabilitators don’t get frequent chances to learn how to handle a sudden seabird mortality event, and need help if it happens in their area, as an example.

In the end, our mission statement included providing direct care to wild animals in need, providing educational materials and opportunities to wildlife rehabilitators and the general public, and also, and no less important, to advocate for our patients, not as stewards but as allies in the ongoing and undeniable war on nature and the wild, of which we are also a product, recognizing where our side truly is, just as Allied forces fought their war against fascist destruction.

All of this was, you could say, a tall order.

After the workshop was complete and had been delviered a few times, we wrote a book, An Introduction to Aquatic Bird Rehabilitation. You can buy it here. We’ve sold several hundred, maybe a thousand. We keep the price low. The last few printings have been done beautifully at the local and fantastic Bug Press.

The book came out of that first workshop that we put together, called by the same name. Our first version of the book was a ‘zine styled handout, about 50 pages long, and offered with our workshop. The second iteration was still a free handout, but had grown to over a hundred pages. At last in 2012, we published the book in its current form, 150 pages and available for $38USD. Now, ten years later, we are planning its first revisions.

In 2011, a year after receiving our 501(c)3, most of the six co-founders had been scattered by life’s circumstances (work, family, the usual) to different parts of the state and country. For example, Laura and I spent the last 6 months of 2010 in MIchigan responding to the massive spill of Alberta tar sands oil into the Kalamazoo River from a ruptured Enbridge pipeline, where we provided care for hundreds of birds and thousands of aquatic turtles. (At points during that response, I was responsible for the entire wildlife response! eek! talk about sleepless nights!)

Come August of 2011, with three of us (Laura, myself and January) in Humboldt County for various reasons not related to BAX, a small disaster that had been unfolding for months, if not years, came to our attention. Juvenile Brown Pelicans were being seen at fish cleaning stations at public boat launches and docks, completely soaked and suffering because of it.

Fish waste, greasy and non-soluble, poses a significant problem for aquatic birds the world over. THe impact of fish waste on feathers is the same as the imapct of petroleum products – that is, it completely disrupts the waterproofing that a bird’s feathers provide by disrupting the arrangement of feathers and allowing water to penetrate to the body. Like most birds, an aquatic bird’s temperature runs from about 39˚to 41˚C (102-106˚F) and being waterproof is what allows them to thrive on water that may only be 10˚C (50˚F). If the water gets through to their skin it’s not unlike a diver who suddenly finds they have a hole in thier drysuit. If they don’t leave the water they will soon succumb to hypothermia. For our unfortunate human diver, simply pulling them back to the boat and giving them hot tea may suffice, but for an aquatic bird, leaving water means leaving home – where the food is , where the water is, where life is… stranded they will soon die.

Read more about fish waste and our responses in 2011 and 2012

After a couple days of reconnaisance, we found wet, struggling fish waste contaminated juvenile Brown Pelicans from Crescent CIty to Shelter Cove, a span of nearly 200 miles. We captured close to ten immediately, and over the next month in 2011 rescued and treated more than 50 individuals.

In 2012, the situation was not necessarily worse, but we learned about it sooner, in early July and began our response then. We ended up treated over 250 birds that year, mostly Pelicans, but also about a dozen gulls of different species, but mostly Heermann’s Gulls, who are closely associated with Brown Pelicans.

The 2011 response began our relationship with HWCC, at the time a very small clinic treating far less than a thousand patients each year, with one staff person and no business hours, only a hotline. We worked with HWCC to develop thier facility into a true hospital and rasied funds so that our project of caring for the impacted Pelicans did not disrupt their meager finances (our finances are STILL meager!)

Developing HWCC’s infrastructure did create another challenge. There was no one on the staff who could operate what we’d built. Pools are a complex tool to us in treating wildlife, and the inexperiences care giver is at a marked disadvantage. without a good working knowledge of a pool’s usse and maintenance, they become a danger to the patient, not a benefit. HWCC asked BAX staff to stay on as managers of their facility in the winter of 2011/12 and we did.

As I mentioned above, 2012 saw a much larger fish waste crisis with 5 times the patients of 2011. A response of this magnitude required help from out of our region. Staff from the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN), staff from the Calfornia Department of Fish and WIldlife (CDFW) and rehabilitators from around the state came to Humboldt to lend a hand.

Besides for developing our facility to handle this level of response, we had to develop our core group of volunteers. During this time we realized that we had an incredible opportunity to build not only a facility that could provide high quality care, but, given our proximity to Cal Poly Humboldt, one of the premier wildlife studies universities in the West, a hospital that could also train current and future wildlife care providers.

A teaching hospital is something you can start right away while you spend a lifetime making it better, and we did start right away. Over the last ten years our internship program has helped nearly 75 young people, mostly students at Cal Poly, advance their skills and ready them for employment in the field of wildlife care. The five current members of our staff are graduates of the program! As we move into the future, a major goal is to further exapnd the eduactional opportunites ofr our volunteers, interns and staff, and help contribute to a cultiure of excellence in our field. A sturdy and sustainable foundation will always be a crucial ingredient for success, and this is where support from the community plays a huge role, making our goals achievable.

The goal of converting Humboldt Wildlife Care Center into a teaching hospital led us to merging with HWCC in 2013, -a move that was completed in 2014. In 2014 HWCC merged with BAX. Taking complete responsibility for this facility has allowed us to use it, not only asa hospital that treats 1500 patients each year, providing second chances to innocent wild animals caught in the myriad snares of human infrastructure, but also a laboratory to develop techniques and strategies that can be used by wildlife rehabilitators anywhere who suffer from the very typical scenario of being terribly overworked while being shockingly underfunded. (Take our budget as an example, last year we took in about $150,000 and treated 1,612 patients. That amounts to $93 per patient. Now that’s not the whole story, many of those patients were very long term, like an orphaned raccoon who requires 4 months of care, compared to Fox Sparrow who hit a window and is ready for release in 24 hours – obviously patient needs can differ extremely – but still, we maintain a staff and facility on very little money – our excellence is found in resilience, innovation, sacrifice and a willingness to use what’s available to achieve the impossible!)

Still, the simple truth is that we have been able to develop much needed training materials and workshops becuaes we’ve had the opportunity to use real world development (something we might call trail and error) – this opportunity is golden, and we want to continue in this vein for as long as wildlife rehabilitation is a needed service.

The Pelican fish waste response also led us into a much more active role as advocates for our patients, including protecting our wild neighbors from becoming patients. In fact I was the inaugural chair of the Advocacy committee for the California Council for Wildlife Rehabilitators, a professional organization of rehabilitators in our state that hosts an annual Symposium and supports the improvement of available care.

It became quite obvious that those of us on the frontlines of the war between society and nature had an important perspective and important specific knowledge that could help policy makers make decisions and take actions that were inaccordance with the critical needs of wild animals. Some policies are easy to enact, like putting on lid on the fishwaste bins so that juvenile Pelicans can’t forage in them, while other solutions require changing hearts and minds, like banning cruel traps, stopping abominations like bear hounding and killing contests and promoting use of nonlethal measures instead of senseless slaughter to protect property from damages caused by wild animals.

Advocacy work can be problematic. Political divisions are readily apparent when you attend a public meeting. Advocating for wild animals automatically puts on one side of the aisle and on the other side are the agricultural and “hook and bullet” lobbyists, as they are often called. Well, ranchers and farmers, hunters and anglers, are real people, not lobbyists, and they help to make up our community. Ranchers, farmers hunters and anglers may encounter a wild animal in need and require our help – ranching, farming, hunting and fishing don’t automatically preclude compassion. So we must be careful not to alienate those who may need our help. It’s a line that we walk everyday if we are being true to our mission in all of its implications and ramifications. And in fact, learning to walk this line is fitting and proper – we are here to serve all of our community when they need us. Being able to persuade an angler to help us stop fish waste pollution is critical! We need more allies, not more enemies. Learning to walk this line is the right thing to do. And we have no other choice; our responsibility to our patients and the wildlife we serve demand it.

To that end, we intitiated our “humane solutions” program, in which we help people solve any conflict they might have with a wild animal in a manner that is respectful of the rights and needs of the animal, and effectively protects the property and safety of the people involved. With this program we have intervened in thousands of conflicts over the last eleven years, keeping wild families together, and preserving hundreds, if not thousands, of wild lives.

The big stories, of course, from the last 11 years, are our patients. As I write this, Wednesday, September 28th at 5pm our database says that we’ve admitted 13,544 wild animals since January 2012. That’s 13,544 wild animals in need. Suffering animals who would’ve had nowhere to turn, no-one to relieve their suffering if it weren’t for you and your support of our work.

And while I’m not the leader of our botulism project in the Lower Klamath, two of our six co-founders are. You can read all about their work caring for botulism-infected shorebirds and waterfowl during the last four years.

The immediate future and what comes next.

Our intention for the future is to continue what we’ve been doing, and to always seek improvement. Right now, this is easier said than done, but in fact it always is.

I dream of an internship program that can house and pay our interns, even if it’s only a small stipend. There is nothing that being able to afford working without compensation qualifies a person for, and many potentially gifted caregivers cuold be denied opportunity because they don’t have the resources to sustain working without pay. I’d like to change that and widen the reach we have by deepening the pool we draw from.

Right now, in California Black Bear cub and Mountain Lion kitten rehabilitation is done only by a few organizations, (if at all in the case of Mountain Lion kittens). Every Black Bear cub admitted from Humboldt, Trinity, Del Norte, Sikiyou, Shasta, or Mendocino Counties is sent to Sacramento and then to Lake Tahoe for rehabilitation, but often into permanent captivity. I would like to change this, and establish a legitmate bear cub rehabilitation program here so that the region’s bears can be treated and released at home. This is a long term goal, but one we never lose sight of …

A fully functional medical clinic, with the capacity to make radiographs and a veterinarian on staff are developments that we must pursue. Volunteer veterinarians, and long distance consulting with wildlife specific veterinarians gets the job done, but better is needed, even if for the benefit of our staff. I’ve had the privilege of working with some very gifted wildlife vets at the various places I’ve been on staff over the last 23 years and I want to ensure that the staff of HWCC has the same benefit.

Expanded service and an increase in our preventative programs are in the works, from education programs at all levels (schoolchildren, governing boards) to practical efforts like beach patrols, increased capacity for interventions in conflicts, and late night availability for emergency response. We know these are things we can build, given the time and materials.

In short, we must always expand our capacity and raise our standards. A capacity reduced, a standard lowered are poisonous. Our mission, our patients, our vocation all demand excellence. We strive to meet that demand.

I do wish we had more time to make this critical move. But that’s never been possible, and ensuing circumstances didn’t help, such as my health problems that took up a significant part of last year. All that we’ve built does feel jeopardized right now – and what we’ve built has signifcant value – losing it would be catastrophic – so we must preserve it, and we must do so in a way that allows us to continue to build on what we’ve accomplished.

That’s what makes this property in Manila a “rare opportunity.” Let me count the ways.

  1. It exists. We’ve been looking for suitable property that we can envision purchasing, meaning, that we can even entertain the idea of raising the funds. Many incredible properties are available for those with the resources to buy them. This property in Manila is offered to us because we know the owner, who understands how we will use it, and has generously lowered the price.
  2. Maybe we can afford it.
  3. Location: like our current location in Bayside, Manila is well situated in Humboldt County to make it it accessible for the many communities North and South. Staying between Eureka and Arcata seems important. We routinely make trips to Crescent City and Garberville. Arcata Bay is a good spot for us.
  4. Size: although I had dreamed of something larger, in truth we’ll be increasing the space we have available by at least four times. This will improve what we can set up for our patients. Yes, it may be the only option we have, but it’s also a good option to have.


The wild animals of Northern California and beyond need us to thrive, and to do so we must survive. If we fail to acquire this property we will have nowhere to go when our lease ends at the end of this year. Even acquiring that property tomorrow means we have only three months to get it ready for us to use it (certainly not to bring it to it’s full capacity, that may take a couple years) at the same time that we must dismantle our current facility and clear it from the land.

We need your help. Wildlife of our enormous and beautiful and necessary region in need, need you. Please help. Donate to our move and future.










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Ethics in Wildlife Rehabilitation: A Workshop for Wildlife Rehabilitators

[editor’s note: Please welcome Soro Cyrene as a new voice across all the platforms HWCC/bax and BAX use across the digital world! Also, please note that all of the material in this video and article is intended for permitted wildlife rehabilitators engaged in the daily work of providing care to orphaned and injured wild animals in accordance with laws of their community, state, province and nation.]

As wildlife rehabilitators, it is critically important that we uphold strong ethical standards in our daily practices. What gives us the ethical right to rehabilitate wildlife? What agencies give us the permission to do so? How can wildlife be cared for in a way that is moral, and how do our own moral compasses affect the way that we care for these wild being? We will be exploring these questions and more in this written workshop. To begin, a quote from Henry Beston’s The Outermost House:

“We need another, and a wiser, and perhaps a more mystical concept of animals. Remote from universal nature and living by complicated artifice, man in civilization surveys the creature through the glass of his knowledge and sees thereby a feather magnified and the whole image in distortion. We patronize them for their incompleteness, for their tragic fate for having taken form so far below ourselves. And therein do we err. For the animal shall not be measured by man. In a world older and more complete than ours, they move finished and complete, gifted with the extension of the senses we have lost or never attained, living by voices we shall never hear. They are not brethren, they are not underlings: they are other nations, caught with ourselves in the net of life and time, fellow prisoners of the splendour and travail of the earth.”

Henry Beston, The Outermost House

What underlies this quotation is the idea that we, humans, are not the gatekeepers of what it means to be a wild being. It is important to remember, always, that wild animals are deserving both of respect and the right to be wild, and the decisions that we make for them in the realm of wildlife rehabilitation must always be governed by what is in the animal’s true best interest.

Release of a rehabilitated Common Loon

What is wildlife rehabilitaton?

Wildlife rehabilitation is the practice of admitting into care an injured, ill, or orphaned wild animal in order to treat the injury or illness, or to raise until able to be released back to a wild and free life.

In this line of work, our job is to do just that, as well as to end suffering when need be.

What agencies regulate wildlife rehabilitation?

There are several governing agencies that regulate how wildlife rehabilitators operate, and they differ somewhat depending on which state and country you live in. The following laws and agencies are generally applicable to most wildlife rehabilitators:

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act: An international treaty that outlaws the taking of birds. It prohibits the possession of birds, bodies of birds, parts of birds, and property of birds, such as nests. What this means for wildlife rehabilitators in the United States is that we must acquire a permit from the federal government, specifically the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in order to treat birds.

State Agencies: Generally, most of the other (non-bird) animals that we may treat in a wildlife rehab setting are regulated by state agencies, such as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, or the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, etc. The state agency will have a fish and game code that dictate what is allowed in wildlife rehabilitation facilities. Included in this code is a Memorandum of Understanding, a set of rules for wildlife rehab conduct that were written in order to ensure that the practice is as ethical as possible. See an example of the California Memorandum of Understanding here: https://www.nativeanimalrescue.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/MOU-2020-2023-CA-Dept-of-Fish-and-Wildlife.pdf

The National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association and the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council: These two organizations are important leaders in wildlife rehabilitation and ensuring that rehabbers around the world are working within the frame of high ethical standards. Together, they wrote the Minimum Standards, a document that states the minimum standards of care for wildlife in rehabilitation that has been adopted by many states as their fish and game code. The Minimum Standards can be viewed with the following link: https://theiwrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Standards-4th-Ed-2012-final.pdf

A Barn Own receiving an intake exam at our hospital

The Minimum Standards begins with a Code of Ethics:

  1. A wildlife rehabilitator should strive to achieve high standards of animal care through knowledge and an understanding of the field. Continuing efforts must be made to keep informed of current rehabilitation information, methods, and regulations.
  2. A wildlife rehabilitator should be responsible, conscientious, and dedicated, and should continuously work toward improving the quality of care given to wild animals undergoing rehabilitation.
  3. A wildlife rehabilitator must abide by local, state, provincial and federal laws concerning wildlife, wildlife rehabilitation, and associated activities.
  4. A wildlife rehabilitator should establish safe work habits and conditions, abiding by current health and safety practices at all times.
  5. A wildlife rehabilitator should acknowledge limitations and enlist the assistance of a veterinarian or other trained professional when appropriate.
  6. A wildlife rehabilitator should respect other rehabilitators and persons in related fields, sharing skills and knowledge in the spirit of cooperation for the welfare of the animals.
  7. A wildlife rehabilitator should place optimum animal care above personal gain.
  8. A wildlife rehabilitator should strive to provide professional and humane care in all phases of wildlife rehabilitation, respecting the wildness and maintaining the dignity of each animal in life and in death. Releasable animals should be maintained in a wild condition and released as soon as appropriate. Non-releasable animals which are inappropriate for education, foster-parenting, or captive breeding have a right to euthanasia.
  9. A wildlife rehabilitator should encourage community support and involvement through volunteer training and public education. The common goal should be to promote a responsible concern for living beings and the welfare of the environment.
  10. A wildlife rehabilitator should work on the basis of sound ecological principles, incorporating appropriate conservation ethics and an attitude of stewardship.
  11. A wildlife rehabilitator should conduct all business and activities in a professional manner, with honesty, integrity, compassion, and commitment, realizing that an individual’s conduct reflects on the entire field of wildlife rehabilitation.

Lastly, many states have professional organizations of wildlife rehabilitators, such as the California Council of Wildlife Rehabilitators, or the Washington Wildlife Rehabilitation Association. These organizations do important work in improving standards for wildlife care. If you have one of these organizations in your state, you should be involved with it in some capacity.

A fox receiving medication at our hospital

Ethics in the Clinic

An important thing to remember in wildlife rehabilitaiton is that we are treating our wild patients without their consent. There is no possible way that they could (or likely ever would) give us their consent to hold them captive while they undergo rehabilitation. The process of rehabilitation is undeniably greatly stressful to our patients. The only thing that justifies rehabilitaiton is our promise to give them a second chance at their wild life that they would not have otherwise, or to end their suffering if that is not possible.

Having respect for our patients is obviously critical, but what does having respect for our patients mean, exactly? One aspect of having respect for our patients is to understand deeply the stress, fear, and suffering that they are enduring from being in captivity. Thus, when an animal responds to us with signs of fear, such as warning vocalizations, struggling against capture, and other defensive behaviors, it is important to see this for what it is: suffering. It is not the animal being cute or extra feisty, as some people might say. Being able to empathize with our patients and understand that their signs of stress are never to be considered endearing is important for maintaining our own high ethical standards.

Ways to reduce stress in patients

Visual barriers: Wild animals have instincts to fear humans. Thus, we should do all that we can to reduce their exposure to us while they are in care. Provide patients with a visual barrier in their enclosure whenever possible, such as placing a pillow case or sheet across the enclosure so that the animal can not see you when you walk around the area that they are being housed in.

Minimize handling: Only handle the patient when necessary for cleaning purposes, feeding, medicating, or similar. Handle the patient for as short of a time as possible to do the job well.

Noise: Reduce noise as much as possible. Do not talk with your coworkers while you are handling or near a patient unless it is necessary. Voices should always be kept low while inside the hospital, regardless of what room you are in. Be mindful to walk in a reasonably quiet manner when inside the hospital.

Colors: Some animals may be stressed out simply by being exposed to visual stimuli that they have not encountered in the natural world. I once worked with a volunteer who was attempting, unsuccessfully, to feed a baby bird while wearing several bangles and a neon colored sweatshirt. When she removed the bangles and changed into a neutral-toned shirt, the bird young started eating without hesitation. Try to surround your patients with colors and textures that they would find in their natural environments as much as possible.

Enrichment: Provide your patients with natural items that they seek out in the wild, such as tree branches, leaves, bark slabs, and so on. Research the natural history of your patients to get a better understanding of what enrichment might be best for them, as what will be best differs between species.

A recent release of a fawn who was orphaned and raised at our center

Imprinting and Habituation

If we are not careful to avoid it, sometimes young wild patient may imprint on us caregivers, meaning that they lose, sometimes permanently, the ability to identify with their own species. While imprinting can only happen with younglings, habituation can happen with a patient of any age. Both rob the patient of the ability to live out their lives in a truly wild and free way and should be absolutely avoided. Some methods of reducing the risk of imprinting and habituation include:

Puppets and mirrors: Adding puppets or plushies that look like the patient can be beneficial. Mirrors can be added to the enclosures of young solitary patients to allow them to see what their own species looks like, and to help them feel less alone.

Disguises: Wearing a disguise to obscure the human face and form can prevent a patient from imprinting and/or becoming habituated. You will have to be creative with your disguises. When I worked with cormorants, I would wear a large black sheet draped over my head during feedings that completely hid my humanness, encouraging the cormorants to instead associate food with a vague form of their own color (a disguise learned during my time at SANCCOB). We cannot dress up to look exactly like the animal. The idea is to hide our human features and add something (a color, a texture, etc) that is like them. It would be extremely impractical to wear different disguises for different creatures all day long, so we need to decide when it is critically important to use disguises. These extra measures are important particularly for young and impressionable patients, and patients who will be in care for a longer period of time.

Housing with the same or similar species: While some species are solitary and should be rehabilitated as such, most species benefit greatly from being housed together with others who are like them. You may need to collaborate with other nearby wildlife rehab centers in order to accomplish this. If you have only one young mallard, for example, reach out to other centers near you to see if they also have young mallards in care. Those patients can be united and rehabilitated together at the same center, resulting in a better outcome for the young mallard.

Renesting and wild foster parenting: Getting patients back into wild nests when possible should always receive high consideration.

Reduce exposure to human caregivers: Again, visual barriers and noise reduction

Euthanasia

Euthanasia is inseparable from ethical wildlife rehabilitaiton. Wild animals have a right to freedom. We do not have the right to impose permanent captivity on wild animals. If a patient cannot be rehabilitated and released back to its wild and free life, its suffering should be ended humanely. There are different schools of thought on this topic, and keeping unreleasable former patients as educational animals is commonly practiced in American wildlife rehabilitation centers. However, there are real ethical considerations and concerns regarding this practice that should be acknowledged and examined by each rehabilitator who will be making life and death decisions for their wild patients.

Euthanasia is defined as a quick, painless, and humane death. There are different methods of euthanasia, and the best choice of method will be different in different circumstances. A common euthanasia protocol consists of both inhalent anesthetics and injectable drugs. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has published euthanasia guidelines that all rehabilitators should be familiar with, which can be viewed using this link: https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/avma-guidelines-euthanasia-animals

Treating Non-native Species

There are two main schools of thought on the topic of treating non-native species. One is that all animals are deserving of care and rehabilitation. Some might argue that as humans are certainly the most invasive and damaging species on the planet, the fact that we still check ourselves into the hospital when we are sick means it is only right that we treat non-native species as well. The other common opinion is that only native species should be rehabilitated, and non-natives brought in for care should be euthanized due to their detrimental effect on the environment. Some non-native species do have notably detrimental effects on the environment and surrounding native species, while others have relatively benign effects. It is encouraged that rehabiltiators seek out information using scientific journals to better understand the different effects that various common non-native species have on their surroundings. This is a topic that all rehabilitators should think deeply about. Ensure that you come to your own conclusion of what you believe to be right and don’t blindly accept the opinions of others.

The release of a Ring-tailed Cat patient

This article just scratches the surface of what it means to do wildlife rehabilitation ethically. Improving our practices and methods is something that never ends. We should always seek to continue learning, both from fellow wildlife rehabbers and from our own patients, to make our process of wildlife rehabilitation more ethical for the wild creatures who we have the unique and humbling experience of crossing paths with so often.

The Wildlife Ethics workshop was written by Monte Merrick, and this article was written by Soro Cyrene.

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Ringtail: Rescued, Raised, Released!

It was the middle of July when Humboldt Wildlife Care Center admitted a very young Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) who’d fallen through a chimney into someone’s house in Hoopa. You may have read about her needs in care when her story was picked up by local news source, Redheaded Blackbelt.

Ringtail on her 3rd day in care..
While she would never be a very large animal, weighing about 1 kilogram (2.2lbs) as an adult, she was definitely going be much larger than this!

A Ringtail (other common names include Ring-tailed cat, MIner’s cat and even Civet cat) is not a cat, although they do have many cat-like qualities, from appearance to behaviors. In fact, Ringtails are members of the family Procyonidae, a group that includes coatimundis, kinkajous and the much more familiar Raccoon. Yet the comparisons to other animals are even built into their scientific name – the latin binomial Bassariscus astutus, literally means, sly little fox!

When this sly little raccoon cousin was admitted, her eyes were open and her teeth were just starting to come in. She was still quite young – maybe 8 weeks old. We immediately started her on a milk replacer. At only 140 grams, she would need at least two weeks, maybe three, before she could be weaned to an all solid food diet.

Samantha, a summer intern, prepares the RIngtail’s milk replacer.
In her initial housing.
Already grown a lot since admission, this is one of the last times she was ever tube-fed milk replacer.

By the end of July, the youngster was on a diet of egg, fruit, vegetables, insects, rodents and birds. In the middle of a hectic baby season most of our mammal housing was already in use by the usual suspects (raccoons, skunks, opossums), besides her needs for outdoor housing were far more arboreal than any of the mammals we routinely treat. So we built a small but usable housing, dubbed Ringtail Tower. WIth a lot of vertical space, she was able to develop her climbing skills while chasing crickets as she learned to hunt.

RIngtail Tower, now suffering from empty-nest syndrome.

After several more weeks, and a lot of crickets, rats, mice, eggs, blueberries and more, she was getting to be a good size, with good skills, for us to start planning her release.

Although she was born in Hoopa, she’d spent a large portion of her infancy and her first several weeks of being a juvenile in care in our facility on the edge of Humboldt Bay. The record-shattering heat that gripped most of California, including her home valley on the Trinity River, never touched us here in Humboldt. Although she was ready to be released, we decided to wait for the heatwave to break before taking her home.

At last, the second weekend of September, the temperature in Hoopa was down to reasonable 90 degrees with even cooler temperatures forecast for the coming week. We took the opportunity to release her during this window. With several days of normal heat, she’d be better acclimated if the thermometer started climbing into the danger zone again.

Here the Ringtail is in her outdoor housing in the middle of capture for her release evaluation.
The box was placed carefully to give her an easy launch into cover.
Thank goodness for long lenses and fantastically alert Procyonids! She definitely wants to keep us in sight as she makes her break.
A last backward glance before she slides into the prviacy of her wild freedom.

Caring for this young Redtail was an honor. To be able to provide care for all our patients is an honor. It’s a privilege to be this near to wildness everyday of our lives and we don’t take this privilege lightly. That our work is so rewarding is something for which I believe we are each grateful everyday. But our work is not only a privilege, it’s also necessary. This Ringtail needed us. All of our patients do. This necessity, and the sorrow of this necessity, is also with us daily. And this necessity is what makes our position so precarious. The only thing that can stabilize our future, and ensure that we are here, every day of every year to help wildlife in need, is your support. Please donate. Our patients need us, and we need you. Thank you. click to donate

all photos: Laura Corsiglia/bird ally x.





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After a Long Swim, Great Egret Regains the Sky

White Heron by John Ciardi
What lifts the heron leaning on the air
I praise without a name. A crouch, a flare,
a long stroke through the cumulus of trees,
a shaped thought at the sky — then gone. O rare!
Saint Francis, being happiest on his knees,
would have cried Father! Cry anything you please

But praise. By any name or none. But praise
the white original burst that lights
the heron on his two soft kissing kites.
When saints praise heaven lit by doves and rays,
I sit by pond scums till the air recites
It’s heron back. And doubt all else. But praise.

The person who called was standing at the Eureka waterfront, near the Adorni Center, when she watched a Great Egret come swimming across the channel that separates the shoreline there from Woodley Island. The ordinarily elegant and beautiful white bird clambored out of the water up onto the riprap and hunkered down, apparently exhausted.

Catching the Egret wasn’t that hard. A bedraggled big white bird sitting on rocks is easy to spot, and their exhaustion left them unable to flee when approached. Once captured, it was obvious that this was a juvenile Egret, – this year’s model, who’d probably come into this world just two islands over on Tuluwat, which hosts a large heronry each Spring and Summer.

After getting them back to the clinic, we first provided a warm environment to help with hypothermia, and administered warmed fluids both to help warm the egret as well as to begin rehydrating the seriously depleted bird.

Within a few hours the bird was standing and very pleased to discover the fish that we’d put in their housing with them. For piscivores in trouble, fish is a big part of the solution.

For many patients, a small sample of blood can reveal a lot about their condition. Spinning the sample in a centrifuge separates the blood into cells and plasma, revealing the percentage that is red blood cells. This number is often called the “packed cell volume” or PCV. Red blood cells carry the oxygen that is part of the fuel of life – the lower the PCV, the more anemic the patient. While there is some variation across the many species we treat, for aquatic birds, a PCV of 40 (that is to say that red blood cells make up 40% of the total sample) is considered a baseline of good health. This Egret’s first sample on admission revealed a critically low PCV of 17%. Considering the severity of the bird’s dehydration, it’s safe to say that the actual percentage of red blood cells would be even lower one the patient is rehydrated.

Still, this number didn’t really change the care we offered (warmth, fluids, fish and safety), but it did let us know how close to death the young Egret had come.

After a few days, of hydration and food, the Egret’s PCV had climbed above 20 and they were able to make short evasive flights in the aviary when we would capture for regular exams and weight checks. After 8 days in care the PCV had recovered another 10 points and stood at 30%. After a couple weeks, the Egret was flying beautifully – their PCV was back within normal limits, their weight had increased from 679 grams in admission to 1117 grams – a 160% gain! They looked really good. It was time for release.

Clearly this Egret is thinking, “Outside the box!”
“Two soft kissing kites”, indeed!
Watching an Egret fly from our care out over the mudflats of lowtide on Humboldt Bay is one of the greatest thrills.
A moment to pause and consider this restored freedom!
With a vigorous shake, the Egret dumps the last of humanity that’d been clinging to their feathers. A shiver and we are a memory.
The telephoto lens reveals where the Egret flew.
An adult Great Egret flies in to see what’s going on.
A meeting in Manila, “the gem of Arcata Bay
The two Egrets on promenade.
And so we leave them to their private, wild freedom.

Even though many of our patients are injured traumatically, or have become so sick and debilitated that there isn’t anythng we can do to help, and even through the frustrations of living in a human society that casually hinders, harms and destroys wild lives, providing care for the wild, the innocent, provides a wonderful close view of the miracle of healing, the mystery of hunger, and the fulfillment of dreams. This Egret was an astonishing patient. Your support bought the fish, the fluids, the safe space, the net and the gasoline for the rescue, as well as paid for the trained and dedicated staff needed to deliver it all in an effective manner. Thank you for making sure this Great Egret had somewhere and someone who could help them with a second chance.

This is a crucial time in our history, and as we prepare to move our facility to a location that will give us something more stable and sustainable we need your help badly! If you can, please DONATE today

Thank you for making the difference all of our patients need.

all photos: Laura Corsiglia/BAX

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