Thanks to You our Financing has been Achieved!!

With your generous support, we’ve achieved our first goal of raising the money for our downpayment and closing costs! Now we move on to permitting and then making the move! Your help is still needed of course, but we are deeply grateful and kind of blown away by the support you’ve given! Thank you!!!

Thank you so much for helping us help wildlife! and if you’d like to support our work and our move to be secure and sustainable please donate here!

video editing: Soro Cyrene

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Moving Our Facility is Upon Us!

With a 3 month extension on our current lease, it’s “GO-time” for Humboldt Wildlife Care Center to secure the financing for our new location and make our move! It’s exciting, stressful, thrilling and a little scary and you can help make it all better!

Thank you for supporting us since 1979! Thank you for helping with this bold effort to make our future more secure, our work sustainable and to be here to help our region’s injured and orphaned wild neighbors without interruption! If you can, please DONATE to help us make our move!

video editor: Soro Cyrene

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Gray Fox Found Nearly Paralyzed in Shelter Cove Recovers and is Free!

In mid-November, Humboldt Wildlife Care Center took a call about a fox found lying in the middle of the road near the Shelter Cove Fire Department. The fox couldn’t walk, could barely move.

Shelter Cove is a considerable distance from HWCC – getting help for the fox meant coordinating with the firefighter in Shelter Cove and the staff of Garberville Redway Veterinary Group who generously agreed to take the fox for the night and provide stabilization treatment while we arranged transportation for the following morning.

After driving to Garberville the next day, we had the Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in care.
Although he could not use his legs, he did have sensation in his back feet, and tried to move them as he was being handled. A good sign.

Wary and agile, Gray Fox tries to evade capture for routine exam.

Within a few days the fox was able to stand and take a few weak steps. After six days, he could walk and stand easily. We moved him to outdoor housing to test his ambulation. Immediately he ran to the far side of our mammal housing. He did stumble a bit when he reached the other side, about 30 feet away, which was important to note as an observation. Nevertheless his run was a very remarkable display.

Over the next couple of weeks his coordination continued to improve, until we could not perceive that he’d ever had a problem. He was in fine form. At his release examination, he answered all the questions correctly, including his four hundred gram weight gain in three weeks – having come in at 3500 grams, he was going home at 3900! He liked his thawed rats from Layne Labs

Goin’ home. Next time this door opens, wild freedom is on its other side.

At the first break in weather after the recent storms, BAX boardmember, release photographer, wild family reunion specialist, administrative miracle worker, and fine artist Laura Corsiglia and one of our wonderfully giving HWCC volunteers, Christine, took the Gray Fox back to Shelter Cove. Ordinarily Laura gets incredible shots of patients at release, as can be seen on this very site! But not this time. When Christine opened the door, the quick gray fox jumped through the hated door and was gone. Laura did get this video.

Thanks to your support over the last 44 years, HWCC has been here for wild animals in need, doing the best we could do with what we had. This fox had a place to heal because you provide the resources that are needed. Now as we go through the stress and excitement, the fear and the promise, of moving our facility, we and our patients need you. Please help keep our doors open, so we can keep opening doors for our wild neighbors who need a second chance. Thank you!!!!

DONATE

photos/video: BAX/ Laura Corsiglia

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New Wild Review vol 3 episode 2 – It becomes a part of you – a conversation with Veronica Bowers, songbird rehabilitator and advocate.

This podcast is the recording of a conversation over the internet (please forgive the occasional audio glitch!) with Veronica Bowers the founder and executive director of Native Songbird Care and Conservation in Sebastapol, California. Veronica is a leader in rehabilitative songbird care, a powerful advocate for songbird conservation and protection and a standard setter for excellence in wildlife rehabilitation. It was a great pleasure to sit down and talk with her about achieving excellence, maintaining high standards over time, mentoring those who are new to the field of wildlife rehabilitation and keeping oneself healthy and sane despite the stress, sorrow and trauma that are an inescapable part of this work. Pour yourself a mug of chamomile and settle in for a long chat with Veronica Bowers!

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Avian Influenza Lands in Humboldt County

After nearly a year of watching the latest outbreak of a virus in wild birds and commercial flocks travel across the US, reaching California at the Summer’s end, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has recently been detected in Humboldt County.

Two Cackling Geese (Branta hutchinsii) and Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) that Humboldt Wildlife Care Center submitted for testing, as well as a Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) carcass found in Orick and submitted for testing by the National Park Service, have been returned with prelimnary positives, and have been sent to a national laboratory for further confirmation. Since then, three Ravens (Corvus corax) have also tested positive for this deadly strain (H5N2).

A Cackling Goose treated by HWCC in 2021 at release.

Avian influenza is a common disease. Waterfowl act as a reservoir species for the virus, often showing no signs of illness. But during outbreaks, especially virulent strains can lead to mortality events among wild birds, and staggering losses in commercial poultry flocks. What distinguishes HPAI from other avian influenzas is that HPAI kills 90-100% of chickens in a lab setting.

Ravens appear to be among the most hard hit by HPAI in Humboldt County. Gregarious birds with large populations, like city folk, are perhaps most at risk.

The most susceptible wild species, besides geese and ducks, appear to be Raptors (hawks, owls, falcons), Corvids (ravens, crows, jays, etc) and Gulls. Songbirds are not considered to be high risk species as they have a very low infection rate and shed very low quantities of the virus. At this time there is no need or recommendation to take down songbird feeders unless you also have a backyard flock of ducks or chickens. (see more about avian influenza and songbirds)

For more information on HPAI in commercial flocks and wildlife

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian/avian-influenza

For more information on human health related to HPAI

https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/s0428-avian-flu.html

During the course of this outbreak, HWCC/bax is still admitting all wild birds in need for care, but with strict guidelines to protect our patients and also monitor the virus as it spreads through local populations. Our staff is prepared and ready to aid birds, as well as help local resource agencies monitor and slow the advance of HPAI. If you see or find a sick bird, please CALL 707 822 8839. If you have questions or concerns about this virus, feel free to call us – our staff will be happy to answer any questions that we can or point you to more resources that will help you protect any birds you have.

Thank you for your support during this time, and thank you for caring about wild birds, and all of our wild neighbors. Your support now, and always, is what keeps our doors open. You make our work possible. Thank you.

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The 3 Pillars of Wildlife Rehabilitation

Wildlife rehabilitation is a complex field, where a seemingly endless amount of information must be mastered in order to become a competent and skilled wildlife rehabilitator. Wildlife rehabilitators need to learn how to care for hundreds of species, each with their own unique requirements. It is natural to feel overwhelmed as a new wildlife rehabilitator. However, you don’t need to know everything in order to have a good foundational knowledge of wildlife rehabilitation practices. In order to provide basic, quality care to patients, wildlife rehabilitators must understand three key concepts: warmth, hydration, and stress.

Warmth

Maintaining an appropriate body temperature is critical for all life on Earth. A hypothermic patient is unable to benefit from care while its low body temperature is left untreated. If you attempt to feed a hypothermic patient, it is unlikely to be able to process the nutrition well and the feeding may even lead to the patient’s death. It is crucial to bring a patient’s body temperature to its ideal range before administering other forms of care. This can be done using an incubator, warm towels, and/or heating pads. Hypothermia is common in new wildlife patients, but hyperthermia can also occur. Understanding the normal body temperature ranges for species that you treat, and how to properly measure temperature, is essential for providing quality care.

Hydration

Dehydration is very common in new wildlife patients. It is critical that patients are sufficiently rehydrated before they are started on a feeding and medication regimen. Hydration can be assed using a variety of methods, from skin tenting to observing saliva consistency. The way in which you rehydrate a patient will depend on their condition. For example, a comatose patient should never be given fluids orally due to risk of aspiration, while a hypothermic patient should not be given subcutaneous fluids, as that can lead to a further drop in body temperature. Hydration should be regularly assessed for all patients throughout their entire rehabilitation process.

Stress

Undergoing rehabilitative care as a wild animal is inherently extremely stressful. Not only is stress unenjoyable, it has also been shown to reduce an animal’s ability to heal. Thus, the more stress that an animal is under while in care, the longer it will take for it to recover, and the more it will suffer. It is vital that we take every possible step to reduce the stress in our patients as much as possible. Stress can be reduced in many ways. Some examples include providing visual barriers (for example, sheets over patient enclosures so that they cannot see human caregivers every time their enclosure is passed by), reducing handling time as much as possible, speaking as little as possible while in earshot of patients, providing suitable enclosures that mimic the patient’s natural habitat, and providing housing with conspecifics or closely related species. Additionally, animals should be released as soon as they are ready to return to the wild. It is unethical to retain a fully healed patient for several days or weeks, simply because a release date hasn’t been set.

Understanding the importance of warmth, hydration, and a low-stress environment is critical for successful wildlife rehabilitation. These three concepts should be front and center in your mind for each patient you care for, from the moment they arrive to the time they are returned to freedom. We will be providing an in-depth class on each of these topics in the future, so stay tuned!

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How To Become a Wildlife Rehabilitator

So, you are interested in become a wildlife rehabilitator, but you aren’t sure what the best way to begin is. This article will discuss everything you need to know to get started.

The best (and really, only) way to get started on your journey in wildlife rehabilitation is to become a volunteer at a wildlife rehabilitation center. This opportunity for continual hands-on learning is simply critical for developing your skills as a wildlife rehabilitator. Use Google search, or websites such as Animal Help Now, to find nearby wildlife rehabilitation centers. Once you’ve found their website, look for a volunteer information or contact page, and you are on your way! Often times, wildlife rehabilitation centers in the US require a commitment of 4 hours per week during a certain day (for example, Tuesday shifts from 1-5pm every week). However, every center is different and the specifics will be discussed with you during or before your volunteer orientation date.

Placing a band on a Brown Pelican who was admitted to our clinic for rehabilitation. The head is covered with a sheet to reduce stress.

While volunteering remains essential to learn how to be a proficient wildlife rehabilitator, you may wish to supplement your experience with formal education and/or internships.

In general, most wildlife rehabilitation centers only require that you have experience as a volunteer in order to become a paid staff member, though some do require additional formal training. Educational pathways to consider include veterinary technician licensure and/or earning a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in wildlife biology or a similar field.

  • Veterinary technician: Schooling can be completed in 2 years and can be done online with an in-person externship.  For Americans, consider schools such as Penn Foster, Ashworth College, or San Juan College (all of those are online based with an in person externship).  There are also community colleges that offer veterinary technician training in person- use Google search or the Vet Technicians website to find one in your area.  You will learn relevant medical theory and techniques, though these courses focus on domestic species, so not all coursework will be applicable to wildlife rehabilitation.

  • Bachelor of Science Degree: Look for options in wildlife biology or similar fields.  This would give helpful background knowledge of conservation concepts and wildlife physiology (depending on the specific degree) and is required by some employers, however it is not a necessity in most cases.

  • Supplemental self-education: Be wary of educational texts that are not written by credible sources. A reputable source of educational books can be found on the the National Wildlife Rehabilitator’s Association website here. Additionally, the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council holds several short courses, both in-person and online, on wildlife rehabilitation concepts and techniques, which can be accessed here.
Our own textbook, An Introduction to Aquatic Bird Rehabilitation

Many wildlife rehabilitation centers offer internship oppurtunities. Internships generally have more intensive time commitment requirements than volunteering positions. Internships can be great if you are interested in volunteering or working at a specific wildlife center. For example, if you have a great interest in seabirds, you may find it valuable to intern for a season at a seabird-specific rehabilitation center to increase your experience with that animal group. Interning at a generalist center can also be a great experience where you take on more responsibility and accelerate your training.

Lastly, you may be considering finding a job in a related field before making the leap to work full-time in wildlife rehabilitation. One example of a job that can give you applicable medical experience is working as a veterinary assistant in a veterinary clinic that serves domestic species.

A Pacific Pond Turtle makes their way in thieir own time back to the wild!

If your goal is to one day be hired as a wildlife rehabilitator, consider checking wildlife rehabilitation job boards such as this one, and have a look at what different centers are listing as their requirements for positions you are interested in. That will help you to know what you need to do in order to become eligible for such positions in the future.

In closing, there are many opportunities to help you along your path of becoming a wildlife rehabilitator, but it is important not to forget that spending 1+ years volunteering at your local wildlife rehabilitation center really is the essential first step.

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Seeds for Change Voting is Now Open! Help us be Part of North Coast Co-op’s Round Up for Non-Profits in 2023!

The awesome Seeds for Change round-up program of the North Coast Co-op raises tens of thousands of dollars for area non-profit organizations each year simply by encouraging shoppers to round-up their purchase price! Benefitting from this program made a huge difference during our busy Summer months caring for hundreds of orphaned wild babies. If you are a member of the Co-op, you can help us continue to have this crucial support at a critical time by voting for us now! Voting closes November 10th!

Regardless of the outcome, this program is a wonderful way to help many non-profits with a much needed boost, and all it costs is a little bit of change when you shop! Thanks to the Co-op for offering this program, and thanks to the membership for helping us be a part of the awesomeness.

And thank you, as always, for your love for the Wild!

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Rare Opportunity (and the only option we have to continue our work)

Reverend Gary Davis is right, we do have to move. It’s been 18 months since HWCC decided that we had to move our facility. Our current lease ends at the end of this year. It took us until this Summer to locate a property that we can afford and make work. By afford, I mean, that its sale price to us is a very good deal and significantly less than any other property we’ve considered. I do not mean that we have the money. We don’t.

But this property is a rare opportunity and I do believe that we will be able to secure some kind of financing – both the property and Humboldt Wildlife Care Center are good bets.

But the costs of moving is going to come from people we ask to help. There is no other way. The amount we need to raise by the end of this year in order to complete this transition – in essence a transformation – is more than any goal we’ve ever set, by far. I don’t see another path forward.

We simply need to raise this money – it’s hard for me announce this goal, so apprehensive I am, but what else is there to be done? A downpayment, the cost of getting enough infrastructure up and running at our new facility – including all the administrative tasks – so that our work continues without interruption, while we dismantle and clear the facility we currently occupy – money and volunteer labor will be the only thngs that get us through.

So here we go! If you are reading this, you may be a person we need. We may need your physical help, we made need your financial backing, we may need your expertise. We definitely need you to root hard for us.

In every wildlife project I’ve worked on before Bird Ally X merged with HWCC, there were people who worked all day on the logistics, the paperwork, the fundraising and the budgeting. I was a wildlife rehabilitator – I specialized in oil spill response, seabird wrecks, orphan-rearing, care, innovating patient housing, and training volunteers – other highly skilled people did the work to make sure I had the tools and resources needed to do all of those things. Their contribution to those efforts is so terrific – I’ve known that forever, but when I came to HWCC, it wasn’t long before I needed to learn to do that job too.

So, yes, in fact it is frightening to embark on a project this big, this critical, this necessary and with such high stakes that failure is, as they say, not an option. Especially when it’s just some punk from New Jersey who wound up on the west coast leading the way. So I thought some background was in order.

I want to tell you the origins of Bird Ally X, how our mission led us to HWCC, and tell you what I see on the other side of this transformation – I want to tell you what we are building together and show you some of the foundation of that vision.

However, if you already know you support our work and don’t need to read about BAX history from my perspective, maybe you would like to me cut to the chase, tell you that our goal is $150,000 (which is roughly the amount of one year in our budget!) and donate now.

For the rest of you who would like to know more about BAX’ beginnings and how we got here, and where we’re headed, well read on….

Bird Ally X – who we are and how we got this way

Since this website’s first incarnation at blogspot.com in 2009, the voice speaking to you from this platform has mostly been mine. Making the website was a gamble. Only Laura Corsiglia, my beloved and co-inventer of the idea of Bird Ally X knew about it – BAX was an idea whose time was about to come but hadn’t quite.

But it did come. On September 22, 2009, Bird Ally X was founded as a collective by six of us. Shannon RIggs, DVM (currently the Director of Anaimal Care at Pacific Wildlife Care in Morro Bay), Vann Masvidal (currently the Center Director also at PWC in Morro Bay) January Bill and Marie Travers (both currently leading our Botulism Response Program in the Lower Klamath Wildlife Refuge), and Laura (currently BAX art director as well as a logistical support for HWCC, and chief photographer and also my beloved) and me. Our first task: to develop a workshop that we could take to conferences that gave people a place to start learning how to effectively rehabilitate aquatic birds.

Athough we each had a lot of experience rehabilitating wildlife in general, oil spill response had given us each a strong specailization in aquatic bird rehabilitation, with deeper specialization among us – for example, Shannon is a gifted surgeon, Laura has a genius eye, Vann is extremely sensitive, Marie has perserverance and mad skills, January is methodical and precise and deeply committed to excellence. I don’t mean these people have common traits that you might identify among your friends, not unless your friends happen to be super heroes, which is what my five co-founders all have in common. Let’s face it, I met them in the middle of an oil spill response where we were all far from home, working 16 hour days amid hundreds of suffering wild birds, doing what we could to keep them alive and help them recover. I was amazed by them. Truly super heroes. And when we founded Bird Ally X, we thought it would be great to help other super heroes learn how to effectively rehabilitate aquatic bIrds too.

Making this workshop led to an expanded mission: to publish instructional materials for wildlife rehabilitators everywhere. Many rehabilitators work at a very small scale, usually in their own homes or in their own backyards. who are remote yet still deserve to learn the most current techniques of our field, also to help small facilities at times when they face an influx of patients that overwhelm them or are unfamiliar – most rehabilitators don’t get frequent chances to learn how to handle a sudden seabird mortality event, and need help if it happens in their area, as an example.

In the end, our mission statement included providing direct care to wild animals in need, providing educational materials and opportunities to wildlife rehabilitators and the general public, and also, and no less important, to advocate for our patients, not as stewards but as allies in the ongoing and undeniable war on nature and the wild, of which we are also a product, recognizing where our side truly is, just as Allied forces fought their war against fascist destruction.

All of this was, you could say, a tall order.

After the workshop was complete and had been delviered a few times, we wrote a book, An Introduction to Aquatic Bird Rehabilitation. You can buy it here. We’ve sold several hundred, maybe a thousand. We keep the price low. The last few printings have been done beautifully at the local and fantastic Bug Press.

The book came out of that first workshop that we put together, called by the same name. Our first version of the book was a ‘zine styled handout, about 50 pages long, and offered with our workshop. The second iteration was still a free handout, but had grown to over a hundred pages. At last in 2012, we published the book in its current form, 150 pages and available for $38USD. Now, ten years later, we are planning its first revisions.

In 2011, a year after receiving our 501(c)3, most of the six co-founders had been scattered by life’s circumstances (work, family, the usual) to different parts of the state and country. For example, Laura and I spent the last 6 months of 2010 in MIchigan responding to the massive spill of Alberta tar sands oil into the Kalamazoo River from a ruptured Enbridge pipeline, where we provided care for hundreds of birds and thousands of aquatic turtles. (At points during that response, I was responsible for the entire wildlife response! eek! talk about sleepless nights!)

Come August of 2011, with three of us (Laura, myself and January) in Humboldt County for various reasons not related to BAX, a small disaster that had been unfolding for months, if not years, came to our attention. Juvenile Brown Pelicans were being seen at fish cleaning stations at public boat launches and docks, completely soaked and suffering because of it.

Fish waste, greasy and non-soluble, poses a significant problem for aquatic birds the world over. THe impact of fish waste on feathers is the same as the imapct of petroleum products – that is, it completely disrupts the waterproofing that a bird’s feathers provide by disrupting the arrangement of feathers and allowing water to penetrate to the body. Like most birds, an aquatic bird’s temperature runs from about 39˚to 41˚C (102-106˚F) and being waterproof is what allows them to thrive on water that may only be 10˚C (50˚F). If the water gets through to their skin it’s not unlike a diver who suddenly finds they have a hole in thier drysuit. If they don’t leave the water they will soon succumb to hypothermia. For our unfortunate human diver, simply pulling them back to the boat and giving them hot tea may suffice, but for an aquatic bird, leaving water means leaving home – where the food is , where the water is, where life is… stranded they will soon die.

Read more about fish waste and our responses in 2011 and 2012

After a couple days of reconnaisance, we found wet, struggling fish waste contaminated juvenile Brown Pelicans from Crescent CIty to Shelter Cove, a span of nearly 200 miles. We captured close to ten immediately, and over the next month in 2011 rescued and treated more than 50 individuals.

In 2012, the situation was not necessarily worse, but we learned about it sooner, in early July and began our response then. We ended up treated over 250 birds that year, mostly Pelicans, but also about a dozen gulls of different species, but mostly Heermann’s Gulls, who are closely associated with Brown Pelicans.

The 2011 response began our relationship with HWCC, at the time a very small clinic treating far less than a thousand patients each year, with one staff person and no business hours, only a hotline. We worked with HWCC to develop thier facility into a true hospital and rasied funds so that our project of caring for the impacted Pelicans did not disrupt their meager finances (our finances are STILL meager!)

Developing HWCC’s infrastructure did create another challenge. There was no one on the staff who could operate what we’d built. Pools are a complex tool to us in treating wildlife, and the inexperiences care giver is at a marked disadvantage. without a good working knowledge of a pool’s usse and maintenance, they become a danger to the patient, not a benefit. HWCC asked BAX staff to stay on as managers of their facility in the winter of 2011/12 and we did.

As I mentioned above, 2012 saw a much larger fish waste crisis with 5 times the patients of 2011. A response of this magnitude required help from out of our region. Staff from the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN), staff from the Calfornia Department of Fish and WIldlife (CDFW) and rehabilitators from around the state came to Humboldt to lend a hand.

Besides for developing our facility to handle this level of response, we had to develop our core group of volunteers. During this time we realized that we had an incredible opportunity to build not only a facility that could provide high quality care, but, given our proximity to Cal Poly Humboldt, one of the premier wildlife studies universities in the West, a hospital that could also train current and future wildlife care providers.

A teaching hospital is something you can start right away while you spend a lifetime making it better, and we did start right away. Over the last ten years our internship program has helped nearly 75 young people, mostly students at Cal Poly, advance their skills and ready them for employment in the field of wildlife care. The five current members of our staff are graduates of the program! As we move into the future, a major goal is to further exapnd the eduactional opportunites ofr our volunteers, interns and staff, and help contribute to a cultiure of excellence in our field. A sturdy and sustainable foundation will always be a crucial ingredient for success, and this is where support from the community plays a huge role, making our goals achievable.

The goal of converting Humboldt Wildlife Care Center into a teaching hospital led us to merging with HWCC in 2013, -a move that was completed in 2014. In 2014 HWCC merged with BAX. Taking complete responsibility for this facility has allowed us to use it, not only asa hospital that treats 1500 patients each year, providing second chances to innocent wild animals caught in the myriad snares of human infrastructure, but also a laboratory to develop techniques and strategies that can be used by wildlife rehabilitators anywhere who suffer from the very typical scenario of being terribly overworked while being shockingly underfunded. (Take our budget as an example, last year we took in about $150,000 and treated 1,612 patients. That amounts to $93 per patient. Now that’s not the whole story, many of those patients were very long term, like an orphaned raccoon who requires 4 months of care, compared to Fox Sparrow who hit a window and is ready for release in 24 hours – obviously patient needs can differ extremely – but still, we maintain a staff and facility on very little money – our excellence is found in resilience, innovation, sacrifice and a willingness to use what’s available to achieve the impossible!)

Still, the simple truth is that we have been able to develop much needed training materials and workshops becuaes we’ve had the opportunity to use real world development (something we might call trail and error) – this opportunity is golden, and we want to continue in this vein for as long as wildlife rehabilitation is a needed service.

The Pelican fish waste response also led us into a much more active role as advocates for our patients, including protecting our wild neighbors from becoming patients. In fact I was the inaugural chair of the Advocacy committee for the California Council for Wildlife Rehabilitators, a professional organization of rehabilitators in our state that hosts an annual Symposium and supports the improvement of available care.

It became quite obvious that those of us on the frontlines of the war between society and nature had an important perspective and important specific knowledge that could help policy makers make decisions and take actions that were inaccordance with the critical needs of wild animals. Some policies are easy to enact, like putting on lid on the fishwaste bins so that juvenile Pelicans can’t forage in them, while other solutions require changing hearts and minds, like banning cruel traps, stopping abominations like bear hounding and killing contests and promoting use of nonlethal measures instead of senseless slaughter to protect property from damages caused by wild animals.

Advocacy work can be problematic. Political divisions are readily apparent when you attend a public meeting. Advocating for wild animals automatically puts on one side of the aisle and on the other side are the agricultural and “hook and bullet” lobbyists, as they are often called. Well, ranchers and farmers, hunters and anglers, are real people, not lobbyists, and they help to make up our community. Ranchers, farmers hunters and anglers may encounter a wild animal in need and require our help – ranching, farming, hunting and fishing don’t automatically preclude compassion. So we must be careful not to alienate those who may need our help. It’s a line that we walk everyday if we are being true to our mission in all of its implications and ramifications. And in fact, learning to walk this line is fitting and proper – we are here to serve all of our community when they need us. Being able to persuade an angler to help us stop fish waste pollution is critical! We need more allies, not more enemies. Learning to walk this line is the right thing to do. And we have no other choice; our responsibility to our patients and the wildlife we serve demand it.

To that end, we intitiated our “humane solutions” program, in which we help people solve any conflict they might have with a wild animal in a manner that is respectful of the rights and needs of the animal, and effectively protects the property and safety of the people involved. With this program we have intervened in thousands of conflicts over the last eleven years, keeping wild families together, and preserving hundreds, if not thousands, of wild lives.

The big stories, of course, from the last 11 years, are our patients. As I write this, Wednesday, September 28th at 5pm our database says that we’ve admitted 13,544 wild animals since January 2012. That’s 13,544 wild animals in need. Suffering animals who would’ve had nowhere to turn, no-one to relieve their suffering if it weren’t for you and your support of our work.

And while I’m not the leader of our botulism project in the Lower Klamath, two of our six co-founders are. You can read all about their work caring for botulism-infected shorebirds and waterfowl during the last four years.

The immediate future and what comes next.

Our intention for the future is to continue what we’ve been doing, and to always seek improvement. Right now, this is easier said than done, but in fact it always is.

I dream of an internship program that can house and pay our interns, even if it’s only a small stipend. There is nothing that being able to afford working without compensation qualifies a person for, and many potentially gifted caregivers cuold be denied opportunity because they don’t have the resources to sustain working without pay. I’d like to change that and widen the reach we have by deepening the pool we draw from.

Right now, in California Black Bear cub and Mountain Lion kitten rehabilitation is done only by a few organizations, (if at all in the case of Mountain Lion kittens). Every Black Bear cub admitted from Humboldt, Trinity, Del Norte, Sikiyou, Shasta, or Mendocino Counties is sent to Sacramento and then to Lake Tahoe for rehabilitation, but often into permanent captivity. I would like to change this, and establish a legitmate bear cub rehabilitation program here so that the region’s bears can be treated and released at home. This is a long term goal, but one we never lose sight of …

A fully functional medical clinic, with the capacity to make radiographs and a veterinarian on staff are developments that we must pursue. Volunteer veterinarians, and long distance consulting with wildlife specific veterinarians gets the job done, but better is needed, even if for the benefit of our staff. I’ve had the privilege of working with some very gifted wildlife vets at the various places I’ve been on staff over the last 23 years and I want to ensure that the staff of HWCC has the same benefit.

Expanded service and an increase in our preventative programs are in the works, from education programs at all levels (schoolchildren, governing boards) to practical efforts like beach patrols, increased capacity for interventions in conflicts, and late night availability for emergency response. We know these are things we can build, given the time and materials.

In short, we must always expand our capacity and raise our standards. A capacity reduced, a standard lowered are poisonous. Our mission, our patients, our vocation all demand excellence. We strive to meet that demand.

I do wish we had more time to make this critical move. But that’s never been possible, and ensuing circumstances didn’t help, such as my health problems that took up a significant part of last year. All that we’ve built does feel jeopardized right now – and what we’ve built has signifcant value – losing it would be catastrophic – so we must preserve it, and we must do so in a way that allows us to continue to build on what we’ve accomplished.

That’s what makes this property in Manila a “rare opportunity.” Let me count the ways.

  1. It exists. We’ve been looking for suitable property that we can envision purchasing, meaning, that we can even entertain the idea of raising the funds. Many incredible properties are available for those with the resources to buy them. This property in Manila is offered to us because we know the owner, who understands how we will use it, and has generously lowered the price.
  2. Maybe we can afford it.
  3. Location: like our current location in Bayside, Manila is well situated in Humboldt County to make it it accessible for the many communities North and South. Staying between Eureka and Arcata seems important. We routinely make trips to Crescent City and Garberville. Arcata Bay is a good spot for us.
  4. Size: although I had dreamed of something larger, in truth we’ll be increasing the space we have available by at least four times. This will improve what we can set up for our patients. Yes, it may be the only option we have, but it’s also a good option to have.


The wild animals of Northern California and beyond need us to thrive, and to do so we must survive. If we fail to acquire this property we will have nowhere to go when our lease ends at the end of this year. Even acquiring that property tomorrow means we have only three months to get it ready for us to use it (certainly not to bring it to it’s full capacity, that may take a couple years) at the same time that we must dismantle our current facility and clear it from the land.

We need your help. Wildlife of our enormous and beautiful and necessary region in need, need you. Please help. Donate to our move and future.










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Ethics in Wildlife Rehabilitation: A Workshop for Wildlife Rehabilitators

[editor’s note: Please welcome Soro Cyrene as a new voice across all the platforms HWCC/bax and BAX use across the digital world! Also, please note that all of the material in this video and article is intended for permitted wildlife rehabilitators engaged in the daily work of providing care to orphaned and injured wild animals in accordance with laws of their community, state, province and nation.]

As wildlife rehabilitators, it is critically important that we uphold strong ethical standards in our daily practices. What gives us the ethical right to rehabilitate wildlife? What agencies give us the permission to do so? How can wildlife be cared for in a way that is moral, and how do our own moral compasses affect the way that we care for these wild being? We will be exploring these questions and more in this written workshop. To begin, a quote from Henry Beston’s The Outermost House:

“We need another, and a wiser, and perhaps a more mystical concept of animals. Remote from universal nature and living by complicated artifice, man in civilization surveys the creature through the glass of his knowledge and sees thereby a feather magnified and the whole image in distortion. We patronize them for their incompleteness, for their tragic fate for having taken form so far below ourselves. And therein do we err. For the animal shall not be measured by man. In a world older and more complete than ours, they move finished and complete, gifted with the extension of the senses we have lost or never attained, living by voices we shall never hear. They are not brethren, they are not underlings: they are other nations, caught with ourselves in the net of life and time, fellow prisoners of the splendour and travail of the earth.”

Henry Beston, The Outermost House

What underlies this quotation is the idea that we, humans, are not the gatekeepers of what it means to be a wild being. It is important to remember, always, that wild animals are deserving both of respect and the right to be wild, and the decisions that we make for them in the realm of wildlife rehabilitation must always be governed by what is in the animal’s true best interest.

Release of a rehabilitated Common Loon

What is wildlife rehabilitaton?

Wildlife rehabilitation is the practice of admitting into care an injured, ill, or orphaned wild animal in order to treat the injury or illness, or to raise until able to be released back to a wild and free life.

In this line of work, our job is to do just that, as well as to end suffering when need be.

What agencies regulate wildlife rehabilitation?

There are several governing agencies that regulate how wildlife rehabilitators operate, and they differ somewhat depending on which state and country you live in. The following laws and agencies are generally applicable to most wildlife rehabilitators:

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act: An international treaty that outlaws the taking of birds. It prohibits the possession of birds, bodies of birds, parts of birds, and property of birds, such as nests. What this means for wildlife rehabilitators in the United States is that we must acquire a permit from the federal government, specifically the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in order to treat birds.

State Agencies: Generally, most of the other (non-bird) animals that we may treat in a wildlife rehab setting are regulated by state agencies, such as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, or the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, etc. The state agency will have a fish and game code that dictate what is allowed in wildlife rehabilitation facilities. Included in this code is a Memorandum of Understanding, a set of rules for wildlife rehab conduct that were written in order to ensure that the practice is as ethical as possible. See an example of the California Memorandum of Understanding here: https://www.nativeanimalrescue.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/MOU-2020-2023-CA-Dept-of-Fish-and-Wildlife.pdf

The National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association and the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council: These two organizations are important leaders in wildlife rehabilitation and ensuring that rehabbers around the world are working within the frame of high ethical standards. Together, they wrote the Minimum Standards, a document that states the minimum standards of care for wildlife in rehabilitation that has been adopted by many states as their fish and game code. The Minimum Standards can be viewed with the following link: https://theiwrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Standards-4th-Ed-2012-final.pdf

A Barn Own receiving an intake exam at our hospital

The Minimum Standards begins with a Code of Ethics:

  1. A wildlife rehabilitator should strive to achieve high standards of animal care through knowledge and an understanding of the field. Continuing efforts must be made to keep informed of current rehabilitation information, methods, and regulations.
  2. A wildlife rehabilitator should be responsible, conscientious, and dedicated, and should continuously work toward improving the quality of care given to wild animals undergoing rehabilitation.
  3. A wildlife rehabilitator must abide by local, state, provincial and federal laws concerning wildlife, wildlife rehabilitation, and associated activities.
  4. A wildlife rehabilitator should establish safe work habits and conditions, abiding by current health and safety practices at all times.
  5. A wildlife rehabilitator should acknowledge limitations and enlist the assistance of a veterinarian or other trained professional when appropriate.
  6. A wildlife rehabilitator should respect other rehabilitators and persons in related fields, sharing skills and knowledge in the spirit of cooperation for the welfare of the animals.
  7. A wildlife rehabilitator should place optimum animal care above personal gain.
  8. A wildlife rehabilitator should strive to provide professional and humane care in all phases of wildlife rehabilitation, respecting the wildness and maintaining the dignity of each animal in life and in death. Releasable animals should be maintained in a wild condition and released as soon as appropriate. Non-releasable animals which are inappropriate for education, foster-parenting, or captive breeding have a right to euthanasia.
  9. A wildlife rehabilitator should encourage community support and involvement through volunteer training and public education. The common goal should be to promote a responsible concern for living beings and the welfare of the environment.
  10. A wildlife rehabilitator should work on the basis of sound ecological principles, incorporating appropriate conservation ethics and an attitude of stewardship.
  11. A wildlife rehabilitator should conduct all business and activities in a professional manner, with honesty, integrity, compassion, and commitment, realizing that an individual’s conduct reflects on the entire field of wildlife rehabilitation.

Lastly, many states have professional organizations of wildlife rehabilitators, such as the California Council of Wildlife Rehabilitators, or the Washington Wildlife Rehabilitation Association. These organizations do important work in improving standards for wildlife care. If you have one of these organizations in your state, you should be involved with it in some capacity.

A fox receiving medication at our hospital

Ethics in the Clinic

An important thing to remember in wildlife rehabilitaiton is that we are treating our wild patients without their consent. There is no possible way that they could (or likely ever would) give us their consent to hold them captive while they undergo rehabilitation. The process of rehabilitation is undeniably greatly stressful to our patients. The only thing that justifies rehabilitaiton is our promise to give them a second chance at their wild life that they would not have otherwise, or to end their suffering if that is not possible.

Having respect for our patients is obviously critical, but what does having respect for our patients mean, exactly? One aspect of having respect for our patients is to understand deeply the stress, fear, and suffering that they are enduring from being in captivity. Thus, when an animal responds to us with signs of fear, such as warning vocalizations, struggling against capture, and other defensive behaviors, it is important to see this for what it is: suffering. It is not the animal being cute or extra feisty, as some people might say. Being able to empathize with our patients and understand that their signs of stress are never to be considered endearing is important for maintaining our own high ethical standards.

Ways to reduce stress in patients

Visual barriers: Wild animals have instincts to fear humans. Thus, we should do all that we can to reduce their exposure to us while they are in care. Provide patients with a visual barrier in their enclosure whenever possible, such as placing a pillow case or sheet across the enclosure so that the animal can not see you when you walk around the area that they are being housed in.

Minimize handling: Only handle the patient when necessary for cleaning purposes, feeding, medicating, or similar. Handle the patient for as short of a time as possible to do the job well.

Noise: Reduce noise as much as possible. Do not talk with your coworkers while you are handling or near a patient unless it is necessary. Voices should always be kept low while inside the hospital, regardless of what room you are in. Be mindful to walk in a reasonably quiet manner when inside the hospital.

Colors: Some animals may be stressed out simply by being exposed to visual stimuli that they have not encountered in the natural world. I once worked with a volunteer who was attempting, unsuccessfully, to feed a baby bird while wearing several bangles and a neon colored sweatshirt. When she removed the bangles and changed into a neutral-toned shirt, the bird young started eating without hesitation. Try to surround your patients with colors and textures that they would find in their natural environments as much as possible.

Enrichment: Provide your patients with natural items that they seek out in the wild, such as tree branches, leaves, bark slabs, and so on. Research the natural history of your patients to get a better understanding of what enrichment might be best for them, as what will be best differs between species.

A recent release of a fawn who was orphaned and raised at our center

Imprinting and Habituation

If we are not careful to avoid it, sometimes young wild patient may imprint on us caregivers, meaning that they lose, sometimes permanently, the ability to identify with their own species. While imprinting can only happen with younglings, habituation can happen with a patient of any age. Both rob the patient of the ability to live out their lives in a truly wild and free way and should be absolutely avoided. Some methods of reducing the risk of imprinting and habituation include:

Puppets and mirrors: Adding puppets or plushies that look like the patient can be beneficial. Mirrors can be added to the enclosures of young solitary patients to allow them to see what their own species looks like, and to help them feel less alone.

Disguises: Wearing a disguise to obscure the human face and form can prevent a patient from imprinting and/or becoming habituated. You will have to be creative with your disguises. When I worked with cormorants, I would wear a large black sheet draped over my head during feedings that completely hid my humanness, encouraging the cormorants to instead associate food with a vague form of their own color (a disguise learned during my time at SANCCOB). We cannot dress up to look exactly like the animal. The idea is to hide our human features and add something (a color, a texture, etc) that is like them. It would be extremely impractical to wear different disguises for different creatures all day long, so we need to decide when it is critically important to use disguises. These extra measures are important particularly for young and impressionable patients, and patients who will be in care for a longer period of time.

Housing with the same or similar species: While some species are solitary and should be rehabilitated as such, most species benefit greatly from being housed together with others who are like them. You may need to collaborate with other nearby wildlife rehab centers in order to accomplish this. If you have only one young mallard, for example, reach out to other centers near you to see if they also have young mallards in care. Those patients can be united and rehabilitated together at the same center, resulting in a better outcome for the young mallard.

Renesting and wild foster parenting: Getting patients back into wild nests when possible should always receive high consideration.

Reduce exposure to human caregivers: Again, visual barriers and noise reduction

Euthanasia

Euthanasia is inseparable from ethical wildlife rehabilitaiton. Wild animals have a right to freedom. We do not have the right to impose permanent captivity on wild animals. If a patient cannot be rehabilitated and released back to its wild and free life, its suffering should be ended humanely. There are different schools of thought on this topic, and keeping unreleasable former patients as educational animals is commonly practiced in American wildlife rehabilitation centers. However, there are real ethical considerations and concerns regarding this practice that should be acknowledged and examined by each rehabilitator who will be making life and death decisions for their wild patients.

Euthanasia is defined as a quick, painless, and humane death. There are different methods of euthanasia, and the best choice of method will be different in different circumstances. A common euthanasia protocol consists of both inhalent anesthetics and injectable drugs. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has published euthanasia guidelines that all rehabilitators should be familiar with, which can be viewed using this link: https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/avma-guidelines-euthanasia-animals

Treating Non-native Species

There are two main schools of thought on the topic of treating non-native species. One is that all animals are deserving of care and rehabilitation. Some might argue that as humans are certainly the most invasive and damaging species on the planet, the fact that we still check ourselves into the hospital when we are sick means it is only right that we treat non-native species as well. The other common opinion is that only native species should be rehabilitated, and non-natives brought in for care should be euthanized due to their detrimental effect on the environment. Some non-native species do have notably detrimental effects on the environment and surrounding native species, while others have relatively benign effects. It is encouraged that rehabiltiators seek out information using scientific journals to better understand the different effects that various common non-native species have on their surroundings. This is a topic that all rehabilitators should think deeply about. Ensure that you come to your own conclusion of what you believe to be right and don’t blindly accept the opinions of others.

The release of a Ring-tailed Cat patient

This article just scratches the surface of what it means to do wildlife rehabilitation ethically. Improving our practices and methods is something that never ends. We should always seek to continue learning, both from fellow wildlife rehabbers and from our own patients, to make our process of wildlife rehabilitation more ethical for the wild creatures who we have the unique and humbling experience of crossing paths with so often.

The Wildlife Ethics workshop was written by Monte Merrick, and this article was written by Soro Cyrene.

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